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Method of the Year 2020: spatially resolved transcriptomics
Spatially resolved transcriptomics is our Method of the Year 2020, for its ability to provide valuable insights into the biology of cells and tissues while retaining information about spatial context.
As single-cell omics continue to advance, the field of spatially resolved transcriptomics has emerged with a set of experimental and computational methods to map out the positions of cells and their gene expression profiles in space. Here we summarize current transcriptome-wide and sequencing-based methodologies and their applications in genomics research.
The recent advent of genome-scale imaging has enabled single-cell omics analysis in a spatially resolved manner in intact cells and tissues. These advances allow gene expression profiling of individual cells, and hence in situ identification and spatial mapping of cell types, in complex tissues. The high spatial resolution of these approaches further allows determination of the spatial organizations of the genome and transcriptome inside cells, both of which are key regulatory mechanisms for gene expression.
One major challenge in neuroscience is to gain a systematic understanding of the extraordinary diversity of brain cell types and how they contribute to brain function. Spatially resolved transcriptomics holds unmatched promise in unraveling the organization of brain cell types and their relationship with connectivity, circuit dynamics, behavior and disease. Here we discuss neuroscience applications of various spatially resolved transcriptomics methods, as well as technical challenges that need to be overcome to realize their full potentials.