Correction to: Nature https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-05481-8 Published online 4 January 2023

This paper was originally published under a standard Springer Nature license (© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited). It is now available as an Open Access paper under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license, © The Author(s). Additionally, the maps in Figure 3d,e were mistakenly reversed (e.g., Alaska should now appear in red in the top-left of Fig. 3d), while in Figure 5c, the y-axis label for cropland area read “103 ha” rather than “106 ha” as corrected now. The errors have been corrected in the HTML and PDF versions of the article and the source data for are updated.