Hybridized electron or hole states across semiconducting van der Waals monolayers in heterotrilayer systems enable the emergence of quadrupolar excitons. Quadrupolar excitons, unlike their dipolar counterparts, have a tunable static dipole moment that responds nonlinearly under an applied electric field.
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Barré, E., Dandu, M. & Raja, A. Quadrupolar excitons take the stage. Nat. Mater. 22, 1437–1438 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-023-01741-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-023-01741-8