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Designing anion exchange membranes for CO2 electrolysers

Nature Energy volume 6, pages 339–348 (2021)Cite this article

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Abstract

New technologies are required to electrocatalytically convert carbon dioxide (CO2) into fuels and chemicals at near-ambient temperatures and pressures more effectively. One particular challenge is mediating the electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) at low cell voltages while maintaining high conversion efficiencies. Anion exchange membranes (AEMs) in zero-gap reactors offer promise in this direction; however, there remain substantial obstacles to be overcome in tailoring the membranes and other cell components to the requirements of CO2RR systems. Here we review recent advances, and remaining challenges, in AEM materials and devices for CO2RR. We discuss the principles underpinning AEM operation and the properties desired for CO2RR, in addition to reviewing state-of-the-art AEMs in CO2 electrolysers. We close with future design strategies to minimize product crossover, improve mechanical and chemical stability, and overcome the energy losses associated with the use of AEMs for CO2RR systems.

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Fig. 1: AEM CO2 electrolyser configuration and balance of plant.
Fig. 2: Mechanisms of anion and water transport in AEMs.
Fig. 3: Performance of AEM-based gas-phase CO2 electrolysers.
Fig. 4: Structures of AEMs used in CO2 electrolysers.
Fig. 5: Strategies to mitigate product and CO2 crossover in AEMs.
Fig. 6: Strategies to improve CO2RR AEM chemical and mechanical stability.
Fig. 7: Strategies to improve CO2RR AEM interfaces and energy efficiency.

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Author notes

  1. These authors contributed equally: Danielle Salvatore, Christine Gabardo, Angelica Reyes, Colin O’Brien.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

    Danielle A. Salvatore, Angelica Reyes & Curtis P. Berlinguette

  2. Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

    Christine M. Gabardo, Colin P. O’Brien & David Sinton

  3. Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada

    Steven Holdcroft

  4. Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA

    Peter Pintauro

  5. Xergy Inc, Harrington, DE, USA

    Bamdad Bahar

  6. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA

    Michael Hickner

  7. Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA

    Chulsung Bae

  8. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

    Edward H. Sargent

  9. Department of Chemistry, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

    Curtis P. Berlinguette

  10. Stewart Blusson Quantum Matter Institute, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

    Curtis P. Berlinguette

  11. Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR), Toronto, Ontario, Canada

    Curtis P. Berlinguette

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Salvatore, D.A., Gabardo, C.M., Reyes, A. et al. Designing anion exchange membranes for CO2 electrolysers. Nat Energy 6, 339–348 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41560-020-00761-x

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