Skip to main content

Thank you for visiting nature.com. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. To obtain the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in Internet Explorer). In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles and JavaScript.

  • Article
  • Published:

Gibberellin and abscisic acid transporters facilitate endodermal suberin formation in Arabidopsis

Nature Plants volume 9, pages 785–802 (2023)Cite this article

Subjects

Abstract

The plant hormone gibberellin (GA) regulates multiple developmental processes. It accumulates in the root elongating endodermis, but how it moves into this cell file and the significance of this accumulation are unclear. Here we identify three NITRATE TRANSPORTER1/PEPTIDE TRANSPORTER (NPF) transporters required for GA and abscisic acid (ABA) translocation. We demonstrate that NPF2.14 is a subcellular GA/ABA transporter, presumably the first to be identified in plants, facilitating GA and ABA accumulation in the root endodermis to regulate suberization. Further, NPF2.12 and NPF2.13, closely related proteins, are plasma membrane-localized GA and ABA importers that facilitate shoot-to-root GA12 translocation, regulating endodermal hormone accumulation. This work reveals that GA is required for root suberization and that GA and ABA can act non-antagonistically. We demonstrate how the clade of transporters mediates hormone flow with cell-file-specific vacuolar storage at the phloem unloading zone, and slow release of hormone to induce suberin formation in the maturation zone.

This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution

Access options

Buy this article

  • Purchase on Springer Link
  • Instant access to full article PDF
Buy now

Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout

Fig. 1: NPF2.14 is a vacuolar GA and ABA transporter.
Fig. 2: NPF2.14 expression in differentiated pericycle is required for endodermal root suberization.
Fig. 3: NPF2.12 and NPF2.13 are plasma membrane-localized GA and ABA importers that facilitate endodermal hormone accumulation.
Fig. 4: NPF2.12 and NPF2.13 regulate root endodermis suberization.
Fig. 5: NPF2.12 and NPF2.13 facilitate long-distance shoot-to-root GA transport.
Fig. 6: NPF transporters mediate pericycle-specific hormone uptake into the vacuoles at the phloem unloading zone to facilitate a hormone slow-release mechanism that allows suberization at the maturation zone.
Fig. 7: Proposed model illustrating that NPF2.12, NPF2.13, NPF2.14 and NPF3.1 function in regulating endodermal suberin formation.

Similar content being viewed by others

Data availability

All the data supporting the findings of this study are available within the Article and its Supplementary Information. Source data are provided with this paper. The python code used to produce the model results is available at: https://gitlab.com/leahband/ga_aba_transport_rootcrosssection_model.

References

  1. Hedden, P. & Sponsel, V. A century of gibberellin research. J. Plant Growth Regul. 34, 740–760 (2015).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  2. Eriksson, S., Böhlenius, H., Moritz, T. & Nilsson, O. GA4 is the active gibberellin in the regulation of LEAFY transcription and Arabidopsis floral initiation. Plant Cell 18, 2172–2181 (2006).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  3. Proebsting, W. M., Hedden, P., Lewis, M. J., Croker, S. J. & Proebsting, L. N. Gibberellin concentration and transport in genetic lines of pea: effects of grafting. Plant Physiol. 100, 1354–1360 (1992).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  4. Björklund, S., Antti, H., Uddestrand, I., Moritz, T. & Sundberg, B. Cross-talk between gibberellin and auxin in development of Populus wood: gibberellin stimulates polar auxin transport and has a common transcriptome with auxin. Plant J. 52, 499–511 (2007).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Dayan, J. et al. Leaf-induced gibberellin signaling is essential for internode elongation, cambial activity, and fiber differentiation in tobacco stems. Plant Cell 24, 66–79 (2012).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  6. Chin, T. Y. & Lockhart, J. A. Translocation of applied gibberellin in bean seedlings. Am. J. Bot. 52, 828–833 (1965).

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Zweig, G., Yamaguchi, S. & Mason, G. W. in GIBBERELLINS. Advances in Chemistry Vol. 28 122–134 (American Chemical Society, 1961).

  8. Hoad, G. V. & Bowen, M. R. Evidence for gibberellin-like substances in phloem exudate of higher plants. Planta 82, 22–32 (1968).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Hu, J. et al. Potential sites of bioactive gibberellin production during reproductive growth in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell 20, 320–336 (2008).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  10. Weiss, D. & Halevy, A. H. Stamens and gibberellin in the regulation of corolla pigmentation and growth in Petunia hybrida. Planta 179, 89–96 (1989).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Hedden, P. & Thomas, S. G. Gibberellin biosynthesis and its regulation. Biochem. J. 444, 11–25 (2012).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Regnault, T. et al. The gibberellin precursor GA12 acts as a long-distance growth signal in Arabidopsis. Nat. Plants 1, 1–6 (2015).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Camut, L. et al. Root-derived GA12 contributes to temperature-induced shoot growth in Arabidopsis. Nat. Plants 5, 1216–1221 (2019).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Chiba, Y. et al. Identification of Arabidopsis thaliana NRT1/PTR FAMILY (NPF) proteins capable of transporting plant hormones. J. Plant Res. 128, 679–686 (2015).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Kanno, Y. et al. AtSWEET13 and AtSWEET14 regulate gibberellin-mediated physiological processes. Nat. Commun. 7, 1–11 (2016).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Tal, I. et al. The Arabidopsis NPF3 protein is a GA transporter. Nat. Commun. 7, 1–11 (2016).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Saito, H. et al. The jasmonate-responsive GTR1 transporter is required for gibberellin-mediated stamen development in Arabidopsis. Nat. Commun. 6, 1–11 (2015).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Corratgé-Faillie, C. & Lacombe, B. Substrate (un)specificity of Arabidopsis NRT1/PTR FAMILY (NPF) proteins. J. Exp. Bot. 68, 3107–3113 (2017).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Nour-Eldin, H. H. et al. NRT/PTR transporters are essential for translocation of glucosinolate defence compounds to seeds. Nature 488, 531–534 (2012).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Kramer, E. M. How far can a molecule of weak acid travel in the apoplast or xylem? Plant Physiol. 141, 1233–1236 (2006).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  21. Binenbaum, J., Weinstain, R. & Shani, E. Gibberellin localization and transport in plants. Trends Plant Sci. 23, 410–421 (2018).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Zhu, J. K. Abiotic stress signaling and responses in plants. Cell 167, 313–324 (2016).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  23. Cutler, S. R., Rodriguez, P. L., Finkelstein, R. R. & Abrams, S. R. Abscisic acid: emergence of a core signaling network. Annu. Rev. Plant Biol. 61, 651–679 (2010).

  24. Liu, X. & Hou, X. Antagonistic regulation of ABA and GA in metabolism and signaling pathways. Front. Plant Sci. 9, 251 (2018).

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  25. Ubeda-Tomás, S. et al. Root growth in Arabidopsis requires gibberellin/DELLA signalling in the endodermis. Nat. Cell Biol. 10, 625–628 (2008).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Ubeda-Tomás, S. et al. Gibberellin signaling in the endodermis controls Arabidopsis root meristem size. Curr. Biol. 19, 1194–1199 (2009).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Duan, L. et al. Endodermal ABA signaling promotes lateral root quiescence during salt stress in Arabidopsis seedlings. Plant Cell 25, 324–341 (2013).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  28. Shani, E. et al. Gibberellins accumulate in the elongating endodermal cells of Arabidopsis root. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 110, 4834–4839 (2013).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  29. David, L. C. et al. N availability modulates the role of NPF3.1, a gibberellin transporter, in GA-mediated phenotypes in Arabidopsis. Planta 244, 1315–1328 (2016).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Andersen, T. G., Barberon, M. & Geldner, N. Suberization — the second life of an endodermal cell. Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. 28, 9–15 (2015).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Shukla, V. & Barberon, M. Building and breaking of a barrier: suberin plasticity and function in the endodermis. Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. 64, 102153 (2021).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Barberon, M. The endodermis as a checkpoint for nutrients. New Phytol. 213, 1604–1610 (2017).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Zhang, Y. et al. ABA homeostasis and long-distance translocation are redundantly regulated by ABCG ABA importers. Sci. Adv. 7, eabf6069 (2021).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  34. Wulff, N. et al. An optimized screen reduces the number of GA transporters and provides insights into Nitrate Transporter 1/Peptide Transporter family substrate determinants. Front. Plant Sci. 0, 1106 (2019).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Jørgensen, M. E. et al. A functional EXXEK motif is essential for proton coupling and active glucosinolate transport by NPF2.11. Plant Cell Physiol. 56, 2340–2350 (2015).

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  36. Solcan, N. et al. Alternating access mechanism in the POT family of oligopeptide transporters. EMBO J. 31, 3411–3421 (2012).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  37. Tsay, Y. F., Schroeder, J. I., Feldmann, K. A. & Crawford, N. M. The herbicide sensitivity gene CHL1 of Arabidopsis encodes a nitrate-inducible nitrate transporter. Cell 72, 705–713 (1993).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Campilho, A., Nieminen, K. & Ragni, L. The development of the periderm: the final frontier between a plant and its environment. Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. 53, 10–14 (2020).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Beeckman, T., Burssens, S. & Inze, D. The peri-cell-cycle in Arabidopsis. J. Exp. Bot. 52, 403–411 (2001).

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Takano, J. et al. Arabidopsis boron transporter for xylem loading. Nature 420, 337–340 (2002).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Ross-Elliott, T. J. et al. Phloem unloading in Arabidopsis roots is convective and regulated by the phloempole pericycle. eLife 6, e24125 (2017).

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  42. Wunderling, A. et al. A molecular framework to study periderm formation in Arabidopsis. New Phytol. 219, 216–229 (2018).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Barberon, M. et al. Adaptation of root function by nutrient-induced plasticity of endodermal differentiation. Cell 164, 447–459 (2016).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Ursache, R., Andersen, T. G., Marhavý, P. & Geldner, N. A protocol for combining fluorescent proteins with histological stains for diverse cell wall components. Plant J. 93, 399–412 (2018).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Lux, A., Morita, S., Abe, J. & Ito, K. An improved method for clearing and staining free-hand sections and whole-mount samples. Ann. Bot. 96, 989–996 (2005).

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  46. Kreszies, T., Schreiber, L. & Ranathunge, K. Suberized transport barriers in Arabidopsis, barley and rice roots: from the model plant to crop species. J. Plant Physiol. 227, 75–83 (2018).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Woolfson, K. N., Esfandiari, M. & Bernards, M. A. Suberin biosynthesis, assembly, and regulation. Plants 11, 555 (2022).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  48. Aloni, R. Vascular Differentiation and Plant Hormones (Springer, 2021).

  49. Wang, C. et al. Developmental programs interact with abscisic acid to coordinate root suberization in Arabidopsis. Plant J. 104, 241–251 (2020).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Sunai’, T.-P. & Kamiya, Y. The Arabidopsis GA1 locus encodes the cyclase ent-kaurene synthetase A of gibberellin biosynthesis. Plant Cell 6, 1509–1518 (1994).

    Google Scholar 

  51. Lin, Q. et al. The SnRK2-APC/CTE regulatory module mediates the antagonistic action of gibberellic acid and abscisic acid pathways. Nat. Commun. 6, 1–10 (2015).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  52. Almagro, A., Lin, S. H. & Tsay, Y. F. Characterization of the Arabidopsis Nitrate Transporter NRT1.6 reveals a role of nitrate in early embryo development. Plant Cell 20, 3289–3299 (2009).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  53. Fan, S. C., Lin, C. S., Hsu, P. K., Lin, S. H. & Tsay, Y. F. The Arabidopsis Nitrate Transporter NRT1.7, expressed in phloem, is responsible for source-to-sink remobilization of nitrate. Plant Cell 21, 2750–2761 (2009).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  54. Sun, T. P. The molecular mechanism and evolution of the GA–GID1–DELLA signaling module in plants. Curr. Biol. 21, R338–R345 (2011).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Barker, R. et al. Mapping sites of gibberellin biosynthesis in the Arabidopsis root tip. New Phytol. 229, 1521–1534 (2021).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Band, L. R. et al. Systems analysis of auxin transport in the Arabidopsis root apex. Plant Cell 26, 862–875 (2014).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  57. Mathieu, Y. et al. Regulation of vacuolar pH of plant cells I. Isolation and properties of vacuoles suitable for 31P NMR studies. Plant Physiol. 89, 19–26 (1989).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  58. Hedrich, R., Mueller, T. D., Becker, D. & Marten, I. Structure and function of TPC1 vacuole SV channel gains shape. Mol. Plant 11, 764–775 (2018).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Kuromori, T., Sugimoto, E. & Shinozaki, K. Intertissue signal transfer of abscisic acid from vascular cells to guard cells. Plant Physiol. 164, 1587–1592 (2014).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  60. De Diego, N. et al. Immunolocalization of IAA and ABA in roots and needles of radiata pine (Pinus radiata) during drought and rewatering. Tree Physiol. 33, 537–549 (2013).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Ondzighi-Assoume, C. A., Chakraborty, S. & Harris, J. M. Environmental nitrate stimulates abscisic acid accumulation in Arabidopsis root tips by releasing it from inactive stores. Plant Cell 28, 729–745 (2016).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  62. Martinoia, E., Meyer, S., De Angeli, A. & Nagy, R. Vacuolar transporters in their physiological context. Annu Rev. Plant Biol. 63, 183–213 (2012).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. Shu, K., Zhou, W., Chen, F., Luo, X. & Yang, W. Abscisic acid and gibberellins antagonistically mediate plant development and abiotic stress responses. Front. Plant Sci. 9, 416 (2018).

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  64. Peng, J. & Harberd, N. P. Gibberellin deficiency and response mutations suppress the stem elongation phenotype of phytochrome-deficient mutants of Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol. 113, 1051–1058 (1997).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  65. González-Guzmán, M. et al. The short-chain alcohol dehydrogenase ABA2 catalyzes the conversion of xanthoxin to abscisic aldehyde. Plant Cell 14, 1833–1846 (2002).

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  66. Merilo, E. et al. Stomatal VPD response: there is more to the story than ABA. Plant Physiol. 176, 851–864 (2018).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  67. Engler, C. et al. A golden gate modular cloning toolbox for plants. ACS Synth. Biol. https://doi.org/10.1021/sb4001504 (2014).

  68. Nakamura, S. et al. Gateway binary vectors with the bialaphos resistance gene, bar, as a selection marker for plant transformation. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 74, 1315–1319 (2014).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  69. Cohen, H. et al. A multilevel study of melon fruit reticulation provides insight into skin ligno-suberization hallmarks. Plant Physiol. 179, 1486–1501 (2019).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  70. Cohen, H., Fedyuk, V., Wang, C., Wu, S. & Aharoni, A. SUBERMAN regulates developmental suberization of the Arabidopsis root endodermis. Plant J. 102, 431–447 (2020).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  71. Pound, M. P., French, A. P., Wells, D. M., Bennett, M. J. & Pridmorea, T. P. CellSeT: novel software to extract and analyze structured networks of plant cells from confocal images. Plant Cell 24, 1353 (2012).

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  72. Pradal, C. et al. OpenAlea: a visual programming and component-based software platform for plant modelling. Funct. Plant Biol. 35, 751–760 (2008).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

We thank D. Binenbaum for the illustrations and P. Hedden (Rothamsted Research) for sharing pGA3ox1-4:GUS seeds. This work was supported by grants from the Israel Science Foundation (2378/19 and 3419/20 to E.S.), the Human Frontier Science Program (HFSP—RGY0075/2015 and HFSP—LIY000540/2020 to E.S., H.H.N.-E. and L.R.B.), Danmarks Grundforskningsfond (DNRF99 to H.H.N.-E.), the European Research Council (757683-RobustHormoneTrans to E.S.), the Constantiner Travel Fellowship (to J.B.), the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (to L.S-A. J-M.D. and P.A.) and the French Ministry of Research and Higher Education studentship (to L.C.).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel

    Jenia Binenbaum, Moran Anfang, Iris Tal, Himabindu Vasuki, Yuqin Zhang, Shir Ben Yaakov, Shani Lazary, Roy Weinstain & Eilon Shani

  2. DynaMo Center of Excellence, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark

    Nikolai Wulff, Chengyao Hua, Christoph Crocoll & Hussam Hassan Nour-Eldin

  3. Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France

    Lucie Camut, Lali Sakvarelidze-Achard, Jean-Michel Davière & Patrick Achard

  4. Centre for Mathematical Medicine and Biology, School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK

    Kristian Kiradjiev & Leah R. Band

  5. Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, UK

    Kristian Kiradjiev & Leah R. Band

  6. Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel

    Himabindu Vasuki & Asaph Aharoni

  7. ZMBP-Center for Plant Molecular Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany

    Dagmar Ripper & Laura Ragni

  8. Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, CSIC-UPV, Valencia, Spain

    Esther Carrera

  9. Department of Vegetable and Field Crops, Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Volcani Center, Rishon Lezion, Israel

    Ekaterina Manasherova & Hagai Cohen

  10. Plant Nutrients and Food Quality Research Group, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark

    Vlastimil Novak

Authors
  1. Jenia Binenbaum
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Nikolai Wulff
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Lucie Camut
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Kristian Kiradjiev
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Moran Anfang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Iris Tal
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Himabindu Vasuki
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Yuqin Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. Lali Sakvarelidze-Achard
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  10. Jean-Michel Davière
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  11. Dagmar Ripper
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  12. Esther Carrera
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  13. Ekaterina Manasherova
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  14. Shir Ben Yaakov
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  15. Shani Lazary
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  16. Chengyao Hua
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  17. Vlastimil Novak
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  18. Christoph Crocoll
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  19. Roy Weinstain
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  20. Hagai Cohen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  21. Laura Ragni
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  22. Asaph Aharoni
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  23. Leah R. Band
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  24. Patrick Achard
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  25. Hussam Hassan Nour-Eldin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  26. Eilon Shani
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

J.B. performed the research and wrote the manuscript. N.W. performed the oocyte transporter assays. L.C., L.S-A., J-M.D. and P.A. carried out long-distance transport assays. K.K. performed the mathematical modelling. I.T. assisted in cloning overexpression and reporter lines. H.V. and A.A. quantified root GA and ABA content. M.A. helped with genotyping T-DNA mutant lines and profiling suberin patterning. Y.Z. helped with npf mutant identification. D.R. and L.R. assisted in cross-sectioning and staining. E.C. quantified hormone content in the phloem sap. E.M. and H.C. performed suberin monomer quantifications. S.L. and R.W. synthesized fluorescently tagged hormones. S.B.Y. carried out the qPCR and created hormone-treated reporter lines. V.N. and C.C. helped with nitrate and hormone quantification in oocyte assays, respectively. C.H. carried out hormone competition transport assays. L.R.B., P.A., H.H.N.-E. and ES designed and supervised the work and edited the manuscript. All authors discussed the results and commented on the manuscript.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Leah R. Band, Patrick Achard, Hussam Hassan Nour-Eldin or Eilon Shani.

Ethics declarations

Competing interests

The authors declare no competing interests.

Peer review

Peer review information

Nature Plants thanks Benoît Lacombe, Marie Barberon and Eiji Nambara for their contribution to the peer review of this work.

Additional information

Publisher’s note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Supplementary information

Supplementary Information

Supplementary Figs. 1–31 and Tables 1–6.

Reporting Summary

Supplementary Data 1

Source data for supplementary figures.

Source data

Source Data Main Figures

Statistical source data.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Binenbaum, J., Wulff, N., Camut, L. et al. Gibberellin and abscisic acid transporters facilitate endodermal suberin formation in Arabidopsis. Nat. Plants 9, 785–802 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41477-023-01391-3

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41477-023-01391-3

This article is cited by

Search

Advanced search

Quick links

Nature Briefing

Sign up for the Nature Briefing newsletter — what matters in science, free to your inbox daily.

Get the most important science stories of the day, free in your inbox. Sign up for Nature Briefing