Abstract
Renal denervation has attracted attention as a novel antihypertensive treatment for hypertensive patients who are poorly controlled by medicine. Clinical studies have shown the antihypertensive effects of renal denervation in patients with treatment-resistant hypertension. However, renal denervation potentially has other beneficial effects, such as improving glucose metabolism and cardioprotection beyond its antihypertensive effects. In this mini-review article, we summarize and discuss the effects of renal denervation on proteinuria, albuminuria, and renal function based on the recent findings of clinical studies, and review the renoprotective effects of renal denervation.
This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution
Access options
Subscribe to this journal
Receive 12 print issues and online access
$259.00 per year
only $21.58 per issue
Buy this article
- Purchase on Springer Link
- Instant access to full article PDF
Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Lewington S, Clarke R, Qizilbash N, Peto R, Collins R, Prospective Studies C. Age-specific relevance of usual blood pressure to vascular mortality: a meta-analysis of individual data for one million adults in 61 prospective studies. Lancet. 2002;360:1903–13.
Collaboration NCDRF. Worldwide trends in hypertension prevalence and progress in treatment and control from 1990 to 2019: a pooled analysis of 1201 population-representative studies with 104 million participants. Lancet. 2021;398:957–80.
Faber JE, Brody MJ. Neural contribution to renal hypertension following acute renal artery stenosis in conscious rats. Hypertension. 1983;5:I155–64.
Katholi RE, McCann WP, Woods WT. Intrarenal adenosine produces hypertension via renal nerves in the one-kidney, one clip rat. Hypertension. 1985;7:I88–93.
Sata Y, Head GA, Denton K, May CN, Schlaich MP. Role of the sympathetic nervous system and its modulation in renal hypertension. Front Med. 2018;5:82.
Bhatt DL, Kandzari DE, O’Neill WW, D’Agostino R, Flack JM, Katzen BT, et al. A controlled trial of renal denervation for resistant hypertension. N Engl J Med. 2014;370:1393–401.
Azizi M, Schmieder RE, Mahfoud F, Weber MA, Daemen J, Davies J, et al. Endovascular ultrasound renal denervation to treat hypertension (RADIANCE-HTN SOLO): a multicentre, international, single-blind, randomised, sham-controlled trial. Lancet. 2018;391:2335–45.
Bohm, Kario M, Kandzari K, Mahfoud DE, Weber MA F, Schmieder RE, et al. Efficacy of catheter-based renal denervation in the absence of antihypertensive medications (SPYRAL HTN-OFF MED Pivotal): a multicentre, randomised, sham-controlled trial. Lancet. 2020;395:1444–51.
Azizi M, Sanghvi K, Saxena M, Gosse P, Reilly JP, Levy T, et al. Ultrasound renal denervation for hypertension resistant to a triple medication pill (RADIANCE-HTN TRIO): a randomised, multicentre, single-blind, sham-controlled trial. Lancet. 2021;397:2476–86.
Kandzari, Bohm DE, Mahfoud M, Townsend F, Weber MA RR, Pocock S, et al. Effect of renal denervation on blood pressure in the presence of antihypertensive drugs: 6-month efficacy and safety results from the SPYRAL HTN-ON MED proof-of-concept randomised trial. Lancet. 2018;391:2346–55.
Rafiq K, Fujisawa Y, Sherajee SJ, Rahman A, Sufiun A, Kobori H, et al. Role of the renal sympathetic nerve in renal glucose metabolism during the development of type 2 diabetes in rats. Diabetologia. 2015;58:2885–98.
Mahfoud F, Schlaich M, Kindermann I, Ukena C, Cremers B, Brandt MC, et al. Effect of renal sympathetic denervation on glucose metabolism in patients with resistant hypertension: a pilot study. Circulation. 2011;123:1940–6.
Xia Z, Han L, Pellegrino PR, Schiller AM, Harrold LD, Lobato RL, et al. Safety and efficacy of renal denervation in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF): a systematic review and meta-analysis. Heliyon. 2022;8:e08847.
Morisawa N, Kitada K, Fujisawa Y, Nakano D, Yamazaki D, Kobuchi S, et al. Renal sympathetic nerve activity regulates cardiovascular energy expenditure in rats fed high salt. Hypertens Res. 2020;43:482–91.
Eriguchi M, Tsuruya K, Haruyama N, Yamada S, Tanaka S, Suehiro T, et al. Renal denervation has blood pressure-independent protective effects on kidney and heart in a rat model of chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int. 2015;87:116–27.
Rafiq K, Noma T, Fujisawa Y, Ishihara Y, Arai Y, Nabi AH, et al. Renal sympathetic denervation suppresses de novo podocyte injury and albuminuria in rats with aortic regurgitation. Circulation. 2012;125:1402–13.
Ott C, Mahfoud F, Schmid A, Ditting T, Veelken R, Ewen S, et al. Improvement of albuminuria after renal denervation. Int J Cardiol. 2014;173:311–5.
Mahfoud F, Cremers B, Janker J, Link B, Vonend O, Ukena C, et al. Renal hemodynamics and renal function after catheter-based renal sympathetic denervation in patients with resistant hypertension. Hypertension. 2012;60:419–24.
Zhang ZH, Yang K, Jiang FL, Zeng LX, Jiang WH, Wang XY. The effects of catheter-based radiofrequency renal denervation on renal function and renal artery structure in patients with resistant hypertension. J Clin Hypertens. 2014;16:599–605.
Kiuchi MG, Graciano ML, Carreira MA, Kiuchi T, Chen S, Lugon JR. Long-term effects of renal sympathetic denervation on hypertensive patients with mild to moderate chronic kidney disease. J Clin Hypertens. 2016;18:190–6.
Verloop WL, Vink EE, Spiering W, Blankestijn PJ, Doevendans PA, Bots ML, et al. Effects of renal denervation on end organ damage in hypertensive patients. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2015;22:558–67.
Hering D, Mahfoud F, Walton AS, Krum H, Lambert GW, Lambert EA, et al. Renal denervation in moderate to severe CKD. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2012;23:1250–7.
Hameed MA, Freedman JS, Watkin R, Ganeshan A, Dasgupta I. Renal denervation using carbon dioxide renal angiography in patients with uncontrolled hypertension and moderate to severe chronic kidney disease. Clin Kidney J. 2017;10:778–82.
Prasad B, Berry W, Goyal K, Dehghani P, Townsend RR. Central blood pressure and pulse wave velocity changes post renal denervation in patients with stages 3 and 4 chronic kidney disease: The Regina RDN Study. Can J Kidney Health Dis. 2019;6:2054358119828388.
Xia M, Liu T, Chen D, Huang Y. Efficacy and safety of renal denervation for hypertension in patients with chronic kidney disease: a meta-analysis. Int J Hyperth. 2021;38:732–42.
Kandzari DE, Bhatt DL, Brar S, Devireddy CM, Esler M, Fahy M, et al. Predictors of blood pressure response in the SYMPLICITY HTN-3 trial. Eur Heart J. 2015;36:219–27.
Oliveras A, Armario P, Sans L, Clara A, Vazquez S, Molina L, et al. Organ damage changes in patients with resistant hypertension randomized to renal denervation or spironolactone: The DENERVHTA (Denervacion en Hipertension Arterial) study. J Clin Hypertens. 2018;20:69–75.
Sanders MF, Reitsma JB, Morpey M, Gremmels H, Bots ML, Pisano A, et al. Renal safety of catheter-based renal denervation: systematic review and meta-analysis. Nephrol Dial Transpl. 2017;32:1440–7.
Mahfoud F, Kandzari DE, Kario K, Townsend RR, Weber MA, Schmieder RE, et al. Long-term efficacy and safety of renal denervation in the presence of antihypertensive drugs (SPYRAL HTN-ON MED): a randomised, sham-controlled trial. Lancet. 2022;399:1401–10.
Ott C, Mahfoud F, Mancia G, Narkiewicz K, Ruilope LM, Fahy M, et al. Renal denervation in patients with versus without chronic kidney disease: results from the Global SYMPLICITY Registry with follow-up data of 3 years. Nephrol Dial Transpl. 2022;37:304–10.
Mohammad AA, Nawar K, Binks O, Abdulla MH. Effects of renal denervation on kidney function in patients with chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Hum Hypertens. 2024;38:29–44.
Sharafuddin MJ, Marjan AE. Current status of carbon dioxide angiography. J Vasc Surg. 2017;66:618–37.
Ott C, Mahfoud F, Schmid A, Toennes SW, Ewen S, Ditting T, et al. Renal denervation preserves renal function in patients with chronic kidney disease and resistant hypertension. J Hypertens. 2015;33:1261–6.
Mahfoud F, Townsend RR, Kandzari DE, Kario K, Schmieder RE, Tsioufis K, et al. Changes in plasma renin activity after renal artery sympathetic denervation. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2021;77:2909–19.
Solbu MD, Miroslawska A, Norvik JV, Eriksen BO, Steigen TK. Kidney function and markers of renal damage after renal denervation. Does method of measurement matter? The Reshape CV-Risk Study. J Clin Hypertens. 2021;23:954–62.
Lang D, Nahler A, Lambert T, Grund M, Kammler J, Kellermair J, et al. Anti-inflammatory effects and prediction of blood pressure response by baseline inflammatory state in catheter-based renal denervation. J Clin Hypertens. 2016;18:1173–9.
Lee H. Cystatin C in pregnant women is not a simple kidney filtration marker. Kidney Res Clin Pr. 2018;37:313–4.
Xin C, Xie J, Fan H, Sun X, Shi B. Association between serum cystatin C and thyroid diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Endocrinol. 2021;12:766516.
Okura T, Jotoku M, Irita J, Enomoto D, Nagao T, Desilva VR, et al. Association between cystatin C and inflammation in patients with essential hypertension. Clin Exp Nephrol. 2010;14:584–8.
Acknowledgements
We thank Ellen Knapp, PhD, from Edanz (https://jp.edanz.com/ac) for editing a draft of this manuscript.
Funding
This work was partially supported by a Basic Research Grant of the Japanese Society of Hypertension (KK).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
Conceptualization, KK; investigation, DY, YK, and KK; writing—original draft preparation, DY and KK; writing—review & editing, DY, YK, and KK; supervision, YK, and KK; funding acquisition, KK.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare no competing interests.
Additional information
Publisher’s note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Yamazaki, D., Konishi, Y. & Kitada, K. Effects of renal denervation on the kidney: albuminuria, proteinuria, and renal function. Hypertens Res (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41440-024-01709-4
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41440-024-01709-4