Doxycycline-inducible expression of the BRAF Val600Glu protein in thyroid follicular cells of mice causes highly penetrant and poorly differentiated thyroid tumors to develop, induces hypothyroidism and virtually abolishes thyroid-specific gene expression and radioiodine incorporation. Therapy with small-molecule inhibitors of MEK or mutant BRAF reduced proliferation, whereas treatment with MAPK pathway inhibitors restored susceptibility of the tumor cells to a therapeutic dose of radioiodine.