For the second year running, postdocs funded through US National Institutes of Health (NIH) traineeships will receive a 2% stipend increase. In 2011, 6,686 postdocs received the stipend. The NIH announced the increase on 20 January for trainees — including undergraduates, PhD students and postdocs — who receive the Ruth L. Kirschstein National Research Service Award (NRSA). Entry-level NRSA stipends still fall short of the US$45,000 advocated by the US National Postdoc Association (NPA) in Washington DC; last year, an informal NPA survey of 74 US institutions found that 35 of them base their postdoc salaries on the NRSA, which increased by 1% in 2010.