Abstract
The activation of protein kinase C by diacylglycerol and by tumour promoters has implicated this enzyme in transmembrane signalling and in the regulation of the cell cycle1,2. In vitro studies revealed that catalytic activity requires the presence of calcium and phos-pholipids with a preference f or phosphatidylserine3. Diacylglycerol and tumour promoters such as phorbol esters bind to the enzyme4–7, leading to its activation while sharply increasing its affinity for Ca2+ and phospholipid. Addition of diacylglycerol analogues or phorbol esters to intact cells results in the phosphorylation of specific polypeptides4,8–20. Several cellular processes, including hormone and neurotransmitter release and receptor down-regulation1–4, are modulated by the activation of protein kinase C, while phorbol ester-induced stimulation of the enzyme in whole cells has been associated with its translocation from the cytoplasm to the plasma membrane21,22. Moreover, the use of Ca2+ ionophores has revealed an apparent synergism between Ca2+ mobilization and protein kinase C activation2. This synergism has recently also been found to apply to receptor down-regulation (ref. 23 and accompanying paper24). Here we describe a reconstitution system in which intracellular translocation of protein kinase C and the synergism between Ca2+ and enzyme activators can be studied. The results suggest a rationale for concomitant Ca2+ mobilization and diacylglycerol formation in response to some hormones, neuro-transmitters and growth factors.
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Wolf, M., LeVine, H., May, W. et al. A model for intracellular translocation of protein kinase C involving synergism between Ca2+ and phorbol esters. Nature 317, 546–549 (1985). https://doi.org/10.1038/317546a0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/317546a0
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