Abstract
ESTIMATES of the primary sources of tropospheric gaseous chlorine compounds (CIX) which have the potential for reaching the stratosphere, list man-made halogenated hydrocarbons (such as refrigerants and aerosol propellants), man-made and natural hydrogen chloride sources (such as burning of waste materials and volcanic activity), sea spray and naturally occurring chlorinated hydrocarbons. The existence of an unidentified source of tropospheric CIX has been proposed1–4 which has since been postulated to be combustion. The purpose of this paper is to examine and estimate the strength of fires as CIX sources.
This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution
Access options
Subscribe to this journal
Receive 51 print issues and online access
$199.00 per year
only $3.90 per issue
Buy this article
- Purchase on Springer Link
- Instant access to full article PDF
Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Lovelock, J. E., Nature, 256, 193–194 (1975).
Lovelock, J. E., Nature, 252, 292 (1974).
Lovelock, J. E., Nature, 258, 776 (1975).
Cicerone, R. J., Stedman, D. H., and Stolarski, R. S., Geophys. Res. Lett., 2, 219–222 (1975).
Lyon, J. W., The Chemistry and Uses of Fire Retardants, 462 (Wiley-Interscience, New York, 1970).
Halpern, Y., and Patai, S., Israel J. Chem., 7, 685–690 (1969).
Rasbash, D. J., Irans. J. Plastics Inst., 4, 55 (1967).
Bethge, P. O., and Troeng, T., Svensk PappTidn., 62, 598–601 (1959).
Lipska, A. E., and Alvares, N. J., Paper 71-2 Western States Section, The Combustion Institute (1971).
Woolley, W. D., Br. Polym. J., 3, 186 (1971).
Gerstle, R. W., and Devitt, T. W., 64th Annual Meeting APCA, Atlantic City New Jersey (1971), quoted in ref. 10.
Boettner, E. A., Ball, G., and Weiss, B., J. appl. Polym. Chem., 13, 377–391 (1969).
Anon, Modern Packaging, 24 (July 1974).
Connolly, H. H., Polym. News, 1(11/12), 25 (1975).
Anon ., CP 91/74, BRE, Fire Res. Station, Borehamwood, England, 17 (1975).
Bugbee, P., Men Against Fire (National Fire Protection Association, Boston, Massachusetts, 1972).
Anon ., 1974 Wildfire Statistics (USDA, Forest Service, Washington, DC, 1975).
Cooper, R. W., and Mobley, H. E., Presented at 3rd National Conference on ire and Forest Meteorology, Lake Tahoe, California, April 2–4, 1974 (1974).
Cramer, O., (ed.), GTRPNW-24, PNW Station, USDA, Forest Service, Portland, Oregon (1974).
Fahnestock, G. R., Problem Analysis, PNW Station, USDA, Forest Service, Portland, Oregon (1974).
Finklin, A. I., GTR INT-6, INT Station, USDA, Forest Service, Ogden, Utah (1973).
Yamate, G., Report EPA-450/3-74-062, NITS, Arlington, Virginia, 25p (1974).
Countryman, C. M., PSW-19, PSW Station, USDA, Forest Service, Berkeley, California (1964).
Sellers, W. D., Physical Climatology (University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1965).
Palmer, T. Y., and Northcutt, L. I., Fire Technol., 11, 111–118 (1975).
Ryan, J. A., and Mukherjee, N. R., Rev. Geophys. Space Phys., 13, 650–658 (1975).
Eckholm, E. P., Losing Ground, Environmental Stress and World Food Prospects (W. W. Norton, New York, 1976).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
PALMER, T. Combustion sources of atmospheric chlorine. Nature 263, 44–46 (1976). https://doi.org/10.1038/263044a0
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/263044a0
This article is cited by
-
Origin of organic halogen in boreal lakes
Journal of Soils and Sediments (2001)
-
Halomethane from halide ion—a highly efficient fungal conversion of environmental significance
Nature (1985)
-
A study of the vertical distribution of methyl chloride (CH3Cl) in the midlatitude stratosphere
Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry (1985)
Comments
By submitting a comment you agree to abide by our Terms and Community Guidelines. If you find something abusive or that does not comply with our terms or guidelines please flag it as inappropriate.
