Abstract
GISL recently conducted an exhaustive survey of 1078 patients with Hodgkin's Lymphoma (HL) enrolled between 1988 and 2002 in different prospective trials. Treatment failure was observed in 82 out of 1078 patients; of these 82 patients with refractory HL, complete information was available for 72, who form the evaluable population of the present study. After the initial therapy failure, 51 patients were treated with conventional salvage chemotherapy (CC) (n=24) or high-dose chemotherapy (HDC) (n=27); 4-year overall survival (OS) was 81% in the HDC group versus 38% in the CC group (P=0.019). The remaining 21 patients had rapidly progressive disease and died. After a median follow-up of 2.8 years, the projected OS for all 72 patients is 58 and 49% at 3 and 5 years, respectively. Age <45 years, the absence of systemic symptoms and a PS <1 predicted a significantly longer OS. Interestingly, the majority of patients with two or three negative prognostic factors did not receive potentially curative therapy. In conclusion, HDC seems to be a reasonable option for selected patients with refractory HL, although the majority of them did not receive a transplant. Finally, patients with a high-risk score had little chance of receiving potentially curative treatment.
This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution
Access options
Subscribe to this journal
Receive 12 print issues and online access
$259.00 per year
only $21.58 per issue
Buy this article
- Purchase on Springer Link
- Instant access to full article PDF
Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Diehl V, Thomas RK, Re D . Part II: Hodgkin's lymphoma – diagnosis and treatment. Lancet Oncol 2004; 5: 19–26.
Diehl V, Stein H, Hummel M, Zollinger R, Connors JM . Hodgkin's lymphoma: biology and treatment strategies for primary, refractory, and relapsed disease. Hematology (Am Soc Hematol Educ Program) 2003, 225–247.
Yung L, Linch D . Hodgkin's lymphoma. Lancet 2003; 361: 943–951.
Aisenberg AC . Problems in Hodgkin's disease management. Blood 1999; 93: 761–779.
Aparicio J, Segura A, Garcera S, Oltra A, Santaballa A, Yuste A et al. ESHAP is an active regimen for relapsing Hodgkin's disease. Ann Oncol 1999; 10: 593–595.
Josting A, Rudolph C, Reiser M, Mapara M, Sieber M, Kirchner HH et al. Time-intensified dexamethasone/cisplatin/cytarabine: an effective salvage therapy with low toxicity in patients with relapsed and refractory Hodgkin's disease. Ann Oncol 2002; 13: 1628–1635.
Schmitz N, Pfistner B, Sextro M, Sieber M, Carella AM, Haenel M et al. Aggressive conventional chemotherapy compared with high-dose chemotherapy with autologous haemopoietic stem-cell transplantation for relapsed chemosensitive Hodgkin's disease: a randomised trial. Lancet 2002; 359: 2065–2071.
Magagnoli M, Sarina B, Balzarotti M, Castagna L, Timofeeva I, Nozza A et al. Mobilizing potential of ifosfamide/vinorelbine-based chemotherapy in pretreated malignant lymphoma. Bone Marrow Transplant 2001; 28: 923–927.
Gobbi PG, Broglia C, Merli F, Dell'Olio M, Stelitano C, Iannitto E et al. Vinblastine, bleomycin, and methotrexate chemotherapy plus irradiation for patients with early-stage, favorable Hodgkin lymphoma: the experience of the Gruppo Italiano Studio Linfomi. Cancer 2003; 98: 2393–2401.
Bonadonna G, Zucali R, Monfardini S, De Lena M, Uslenghi C . Combination chemotherapy of Hodgkin's disease with adriamycin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and imidazole carboxamide versus MOPP. Cancer 1975; 36: 252–259.
Canellos GP, Gollub J, Neuberg D, Mauch P, Shulman LN . Primary systemic treatment of advanced Hodgkin's disease with EVA (etoposide, vinblastine, doxorubicin): 10-year follow-up. Ann Oncol 2003; 14: 268–272.
Gobbi PG, Pieresca C, Ghirardelli ML, Di Renzo N, Federico M, Merli F et al. Long-term results from MOPPEBVCAD chemotherapy with optional limited radiotherapy in advanced Hodgkin's disease. Blood 1998; 91: 2704–2712.
Diehl V, Franklin J, Pfreundschuh M, Lathan B, Paulus U, Hasenclever D et al. Standard and increased-dose BEACOPP chemotherapy compared with COPP-ABVD for advanced Hodgkin's disease. N Engl J Med 2003; 348: 2386–2395.
Horning S, Rosenberg S, Hoppe R . Brief chemotherapy (Stanford V) and adjuvant radiotherapy for bulky or advanced Hodgkin's disease: an update. Ann Oncol 1996; 7 (Suppl 4): 105–108.
DeVita Jr VT, Simon RM, Hubbard SM, Young RC, Berard CW, Moxley JH et al. Curability of advanced Hodgkin's disease with chemotherapy long-term follow-up of MOPP-treated patients at the National Cancer Institute. Ann Intern Med 1980; 92: 587–595.
Longo DL, Duffey PL, Young RC, Hubbard SM, Ihde DC, Glatstein E et al. Conventional dose salvage combination chemotherapy in patients relapsing with Hodgkin's disease after combination chemotherapy: the low probability for cure. J Clin Oncol 1992; 10: 210–218.
Bonfante V, Santoro A, Viviani S, Devizzi L, Balzarotti M, Soncini F et al. Outcome of patients with Hodgkin's disease failing after primary MOPP-ABVD. J Clin Oncol 1997; 15: 528–534.
Josting A, Rueffer U, Franklin J, Sieber M, Diehl V, Engert A . Prognostic factors and treatment outcome in primary progressive Hodgkin lymphoma: a report from the German Hodgkin Lymphoma Study Group. Blood 2000; 96: 1280–1286.
Ferme C, Mounier N, Divine M, Brice P, Stamatoullas A, Reman O et al. Intensive salvage therapy with high-dose chemotherapy for patients with advanced Hodgkin's disease in relapse or failure after initial chemotherapy: results of the Groupe d'Etudes des Lymphomes de l'Adulte H 89 Trial. J Clin Oncol 2002; 20: 467–475.
Czyz J, Hellmann A, Dziadziuszko R, Hansz J, Gozdzik J, Holowiecki J et al. High-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell transplantation is an effective treatment of primary refractory Hodgkin's disease. Retrospective study of the Polish Lymphoma Research Group. Bone Marrow Transplant 2002; 30: 29–34.
Czyz J, Szydlo R, Knopinska-Posluszny W, Hellmann A, Gozdzik J, Hansz J et al. Treatment for primary refractory Hodgkin's disease: a comparison of high-dose chemotherapy followed by ASCT with conventional therapy. Bone Marrow Transplant 2004; 33: 1225–1229.
Constans M, Sureda A, Terol MJ, Arranz R, Caballero MD, Iriondo A et al. Autologous stem cell transplantation for primary refractory Hodgkin's disease: results and clinical variables affecting outcome. Ann Oncol 2003; 14: 745–751.
Sweetenham JW, Carella AM, Taghipour G, Cunningham D, Marcus R, Della Volpe A et al. High-dose therapy and autologous stem-cell transplantation for adult patients with Hodgkin's disease who do not enter remission after induction chemotherapy: results in 175 patients reported to the European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation. Lymphoma Working Party. J Clin Oncol 1999; 17: 3101–3109.
André M, Henry-Amar M, Pico JL, Brice P, Blaise D, Kuentz M et al. Comparison of high-dose therapy and autologous stem-cell transplantation with conventional therapy for Hodgkin's disease induction failure: a case-control study. Societé Francaise de Greffe de Moelle. J Clin Oncol 1999; 17: 222–229.
Zinzani PL, Tani M, Gabriele A, Gherlinzoni F, de Vivo A, Ricci P et al. High-dose therapy with autologous transplantation for Hodgkin's disease: the Bologna experience. Haematologica 2003; 88: 522–528.
Tarella C, Cuttica A, Vitolo U, Liberati M, Di Nicola M, Cortelazzo S et al. High-dose sequential chemotherapy and peripheral blood progenitor cell autografting in patients with refractory and/or recurrent Hodgkin lymphoma: a multicenter study of the Intergruppo Italiano Linfomi showing prolonged disease free survival in patients treated at first recurrence. Cancer 2003; 97: 2748–2759.
Yahalom J, Gulati SC, Toia M, Maslak P, McCarron EG, O'Brien JP et al. Accelerated hyperfractionated total-lymphoid irradiation, high-dose chemotherapy, and autologous bone marrow transplantation for refractory and relapsing patients with Hodgkin's disease. J Clin Oncol 1993; 11: 1062–1070.
Carella AM, Congiu AM, Gaozza E, Mazza P, Ricci P, Visani G et al. High-dose chemotherapy with autologous bone marrow transplantation in 50 advanced resistant Hodgkin's disease patients: an Italian study group report. J Clin Oncol 1988; 6: 1411–1416.
Gribben JG, Linch DC, Singer CR, McMillan AK, Jarrett M, Goldstone AH . Successful treatment of refractory Hodgkin's disease by high-dose combination chemotherapy and autologous bone marrow transplantation. Blood 1989; 73: 340–344.
Reece DE, Barnett MJ, Connors JM, Fairey RN, Fay JW, Greer JP et al. Intensive chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, carmustine, etoposide followed by autologous bone marrow transplantation for relapsed Hodgkin's disease. J Clin Oncol 1991; 9: 1871–1879.
Lazarus HM, Rowlings PA, Zhang MJ, Vose JM, Armitage JO, Bierman PJ et al. Autotransplant for Hodgkin's disease in patients never achieving remission: a report from the Autologous Blood and Marrow Transplant Registry. J Clin Oncol 1999; 17: 534–545.
Kumar R, Maillard I, Schuster SJ, Alavi A . Utility of fluorodeoxyglucose-PET imaging in the management of patients with Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Radiol Clin N Am 2004; 42: 1083–1100.
Schmitz N, Sureda A, Robinson S . Allogeneic transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells after nonmyeloablative conditioning for Hodgkin's disease: indications and results. Semin Oncol 2004; 31: 27–32.
Bollard CM, Aguilar L, Straathof KC, Gahn B, Huls MH, Rousseau A et al. Cytotoxic T lymphocyte therapy for Epstein-Barr virus+ Hodgkin's disease. J Exp Med 2004; 200: 1623–1633.
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by ‘Associazione Angela Serra’, Modena. FM and CS contributed equally to this study.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Morabito, F., Stelitano, C., Luminari, S. et al. The role of high-dose therapy and autologous stem cell transplantation in patients with primary refractory Hodgkin's lymphoma: a report from the Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio dei Linfomi (GISL). Bone Marrow Transplant 37, 283–288 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bmt.1705235
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bmt.1705235
Keywords
This article is cited by
-
High-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplant in adolescent patients with relapsed or refractory Hodgkin's lymphoma
Bone Marrow Transplantation (2010)
-
High-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation for Hodgkin's lymphoma in the kingdom of Saudi Arabia: King Faisal specialist hospital and research center experience
Bone Marrow Transplantation (2008)
-
Primary refractory Hodgkin's lymphoma: outcome after high-dose chemotherapy and autologous SCT and impact of various prognostic factors on overall and event-free survival. A single institution result of 66 patients
Bone Marrow Transplantation (2007)