Abstract
THE past few years have seen a large increase in the number of laboratories using liquid helium, and with it interest in methods for obtaining temperatures below 1° K. has been renewed. The only method which has so far been used is the adiabatic demagnetization of a paramagnetic salt; but this is not the only process known by which a cooling can be effected. Two other low-temperature phenomena yield an appreciable degree of cooling and have a satisfactory velocity of reaction even below 1° K., namely, the mechano-caloric effect in liquid helium1 and the magneto-caloric effect in superconductors2. For reasons which have recently been discussed by Simon3, we have never contemplated using the first effect as a cooling method; but the second one offers interesting possibilities. Some experiments were, in fact, carried out fifteen years ago4 in which final temperatures were reached which had been estimated as between 0.2° and 0.3° K. However, lack of data on magnetic threshold values at low temperatures made an accurate determination of the degree of cooling impossible at the time.
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References
Daunt, J. G., and Mendelssohn, K., Nature, 143, 719 (1939).
Mendelssohn, K., and Moore, J. R., Nature, 133, 413 (1934).
Simon, F. E., Physica, 16, 753 (1950).
Mendelssohn, K., Daunt, J. G., and Pontius, R. B., Actes du VIIe Congrès Intern. du Froid, The Hague, 1936, 1 445.
cf. Goodman, B. B., and Mendoza, E., Phil. Mag., 42, 594 (1951).
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MENDELSSOHN, K. Adiabatic Magnetization of Super-conductors. Nature 169, 366 (1952). https://doi.org/10.1038/169366a0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/169366a0
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