Abstract
Background: There is evidence that pyridoxine deficiency may alter the immune response. It is not known whether a deficiency of this vitamin is evident in subjects with primary Sjögren's syndrome (SS).
Objective: We studied whether subjects with primary SS showed a biochemical deficiency of pyridoxine, and if it is associated with abnormal production of interleukin-2 from lymphocytes stimulated in vitro with phytohemagglutinin (PHA).
Design: Two studies were conducted, (i) biochemical and nutritional assessments were performed in a cross-over study in subjects with primary SS, who were supplemented with 25 mg/day of pyridoxine or placebo for 3 months. After 1 month washout, they were supplemented for 3 months with placebo, (ii) patients with SS and matched controls received pyridoxine or placebo for 45 days, and a blood sample was obtained to study IL-2 production and expression in T-lymphocytes stimulated with PHA.
Results: Subjects with primary SS showed limited dietary intake of pyridoxine and biochemical deficiency of this vitamin assessed through the activation coefficient of the erythrocyte aspartate aminotransferase. The biochemical deficiency did not affect production nor mRNA expression of IL-2 from T-lymphocytes stimulated in vitro with PHA compared with the control group. Supplementation of subjects with primary SS with 25 mg/day with pyridoxine for 45 days did not produce any significant change as compared to those patients supplemented with placebo.
Conclusions: Subjects with primary SS showed biochemical deficiency of pyridoxine, possibly due to limited intake of this vitamin which was corrected by supplementation with pyridoxine. However, IL-2 production and mRNA expression from stimulated lymphocytes were unaffected by supplementation, probably because the deficiency was not severe enough to affect the immune system.
Sponsorship: This work was supported by the National Council of Science and Technology (CONACYT), Mexico, grant no. 212226-5-0902PM.
This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution
Access options
Subscribe to this journal
Receive 12 print issues and online access
$259.00 per year
only $21.58 per issue
Buy this article
- Purchase on Springer Link
- Instant access to full article PDF
Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ahmed SA, Penhale WJ, Talal N . 1985 Sex hormones, immune responses and autoimmune diseases Am. J. Pathol. 121: 531–551
Al-Janadi M, Al-Balla S, Al-Dalaan A, Raziuddin S . 1993 Cytokine profile in systematic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis and other rheumatic diseases J. Clin. Immunol. 1: 58–67
Alarcón-Segovia D . 1989 Primary Sjögren's syndrome: six characters in search of an author J. Rheumatol. 16: 1177–1178
Alcocer-Varela J, Laffon A, Alarcón-Segovia D . 1984 Differences in the production of and/or the response to interleukin-2 by T-lymphocytes from patients with the various connective tissue diseases Rheumatol. Int. 4: 39–44
Alvarez-Celorio MA, Angeles-Angeles A, Kraus A . 2000 Primary Sjögren's syndrome and celiac disease J. Clin. Rheumatol. 6: 194–197
Axelrod AE, Trakatellis AC . 1964 Relationship of pyridoxine to immunological phenomena Vitam. Horm. 22: 591–607
Aziz KE, McCluskey PJ, Wakefield D . 1994 Phenotypic and functional abnormalities in the peripheral blood T-cells of patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome Cytometry 15: 35–41
Beisel W . 1982 Single nutrients and immunity Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 35: (Suppl): 417–468
Beisel W . 1990 Vitamins and the immune system Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 587: 5–8
Bhalla AK . 1989 Hormones and the immune response Ann. Rheum. Dis. 48: 1–6
Boumba D, Skopouli FN, Moutsopoulos HM . 1995 Cytokine mRNA expression in the labial salivary gland tissues from patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome Br. J. Rheumatol. 34: 326–333
Boyum A . 1968 Isolation of mononuclear cells and granulocytes from human blood Scan. J. Clin. Lab. Invest. 21: (Suppl): 77–89
Chandra RK . 1991 Nutrition and immunity: lessons from the past and new insights into the future Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 53: 1087–1101
Chandra R, Au B, Heresi G . 1981 Single nutrient deficiency and cell-mediated immune responses. II. Pyridoxine Nutr. Res. 1: 101–106
Chomczynski P . 1993 A reagent for the single-step simultaneous isolation of RNA, DNA and proteins from cell and tissue samples Bio Techniques 15: 532–536
Coligan JE, Kruisbeek AM, Margulis DH, Sheavach EM, Strober W . 1992 Current Protocols in Immunology New York: John Wiley & Sons
Daniels TE, Talal N . 1987 Diagnosis and differential diagnosis of Sjögren's syndrome In Sjögren's Syndrome. Clinical and Immuno-logical Aspects eds. N Talal, HM Moutsopoulos & SS Kassan, pp 150–165 Germany: Springer-Verlag
Fox RI, Robinson C, Curd JC, Michelson P, Kozin F, Howell FV . 1986 Sjögren's syndrome: proposed criteria for classification Athritis Rheum. 29: 577–585
Harbige LS . 1996 Nutrition and immunity with emphasis on infection and autoimmune disease Nutr. Health 10: 285–312
Hernandez M, Chavez A, Bourges H . 1977 Valor Nutritivo de los Alimentos Mexicanos Mexico: Publication L-12 de la División de Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de la Nutricion
Horrobin D . 1984 Essential fatty acid metabolism in diseases of connective tissue with special reference to scleroderma and to Sjögren's syndrome Med. Hypoth. 14: 233–247
Horrobin D . 1986 Essential fatty acid and prostaglandin metabolism in Sjögren's syndrome, systematic sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis Scand. J. Rheumatol. 61: (Suppl): 242–245
Horrobin D, Campbell A . 1980 Sjögren's syndrome and the sicca syndrome: the role of prostaglandin E1 deficiency. Treatment with essential fatty acids and vitamin C Med. Hypoth. 6: 225–232
Horrobin DF, Oka M, Manku MS . 1979 The regulation of prostaglandin E1 formation: a candidate for one of the fundamental mechanisms involved in the actions of vitamin C Med. Hypoth. 5: 849–858
Horrobin D, Campbell A, McEwan CG . 1981 Treatment of the sicca syndrome and Sjögren's syndrome with EFA, pyridoxine and vitamin C Prog. Lipid Res. 20: 253–254
Karmen A . 1955 A note on the spectrophotometric assay for glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase in human blood serum J. Clin. Invest. 34: 131–133
Kater L, deWilde PCM . 1992 New developments in Sjögren's syndrome Curr. Opin. Rheumatol. 4: 657–665
Kraus A, Caballero-Uribe C, Jakez J, Villa A, Alarcón-Segovia D . 1992 Raynaud's phenomenon in primary Sjögren's syndrome. Association with other extraglandular manifestations J. Rheumatol. 19: 1572–1574
Kroemer G, Martínez AC . 1991 Cytokines and autoimmune disease Clin. Immunol. Immunopathol. 61: 275–295
Leklem J . 1990 Vitamin B-6: a status report J. Nutr. 120: 1503–1507
Manthrope R, Oxholm P, Prause JU, Schiødt M . 1986 The Copenhagen criteria for Sjögren's syndrome Scand. J. Rheumatol. 61: (Suppl): 19–21
Meydani SN, Ribaya-Mercado JD, Russell RM, Sahyoun N, Morrow D, Gershoff SN . 1991 Vitamin B-6 impairs interleukin 2 production and lymphocyte proliferation in elderly adults Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 53: 1275–1280
Moriuchi J, Ichikawa Y, Takaya M, Shimizu H, Tsuji K, Wakisaka A, Dawkins R, Arimori S . 1991 Association of the complement allele C4AQO with primary Sjögren's syndrome in Japanese patients Arthritis Rheum. 34: 224–227
Pettersson T, Metsärinne K, Teppo AM, Fyhrquist F . 1992 Immunoreactive interleukine-6 in serum of patients with B-lymphoproliferative diseases J. Intern. Med. 232: 439–442
Rall LC, Meydani SN . 1993 Vitamin B6 and immune competence Nutr. Rev. 51: 217–225
Ravn P, Linnet J, Klokker M, Pedersen BK . 1995 Effects of isoniazid treatment on human lymphocyte proliferative response, lymphocyte subsets and natural killer cell activity Immunopharmacology 30: 247–253
Reveille JD . 1992 The molecular genetics of systemic lupus erythematosus and Sjögren's syndrome Curr. Opin. Rheumatol. 4: 644–656
Salvarani C, Machioni P, Lodi P, lori I, Bolardi L, Bertorelli G, Rossi F, Panciroli G, Portioli I . 1991 Sjögren's syndrome in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection: association with HLA-DR3 and CD8 lymphocytosis in an Italian patient Clin. Exp. Rheumatol. 90: 286–294
Shiozawa S, Shizawa K, Shimizu S . 1990 Immuno reactive circulating alpha-interfon is low in Sjögren's syndrome Br. J. Rheumatol. 29: 50–52
Soto-Rojas AE, Villa AR, Sifuentes-Osornio J, Alarcón-Segovia D, Kraus A . 1998 Oral candidiasis and Sjögren's Syndrome J. Rheumatol. 25: 911–915
Stanulovic M, Miletic D, Stock A . 1967 The diagnosis of pyridixine deficiency based on the estimation of erythrocytic aspartate aminotransferase and its stimulation in vitro with pyridoxal-5-phosphate Clin. Chem. Acta 17: 353–362
Struyf N, Snoeck H, Bridts C, De Clerck L, Stevens J . 1990 Natural killer cell activity in Sjögren's syndrome and systematic lupus erythematosus: stimulation with interferons and interleukin-2 and correlation with immune complexes Ann. Rheum. Dis. 49: 690–693
Talbott M, Miller L, Kerkvliet N . 1987 Pyridoxine supplementation: effect on lymphocyte responses in elderly persons Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 46: 659–664
Tovar A, Bourges H, Canto T, Torres N, López-Castro B . 1985 Effect of oral contraceptive use on the erythrocyte glutathione reductase and aspartate aminotransferase activities in women with or without clinical signs of vitamin deficiency Nutr. Rep. Int. 32: 199–209
Tovar AR, Torres N, Halhali A, Bourges H . 1996 Riboflavin and pyridoxine status in a group of pregnant Mexican women Arch. Med. Res. 27: 195–200
Trakatellis A, Dimitriadou A, Exindari M, Scountzou J, Koliakos G, Christododoulou D, Malissiovas N, Antoniadis A, Polyzoni T . 1992 Effect of pyridoxine deficiency on immunological phenomena Postgrad. Med. J. 68: (Suppl 1): S70–S77
U.S. Department of Agriculture. 1985 Nutrient data base for standard reference expansion of data published in composition of foods, raw. Processed, prepared (Revision of USDA Handbook 8-1 tp 8-16) Washington, DC: U.S. Goverment Printing Office
Van den Berg H, Mulder J, Spanhaak S, Dokkum WV, Ockhuizen T . 1998 In The Influence of Marginal B-6 Status on Immunological Indicies eds. JE Leklem & RD Reynold, pp 147–155 New York: A.R. Liss Inc.
Vitali C, Bombardieri S, Moutsopoulus HM, Balestrieri G, Bencivelli W, Bernstein RM, Bjerrum KB . 1993 Preliminary criteria for the classification of Sjögren's syndrome Arthrits Rheum. 36: 340–347
Acknowledgements
We acknowledge Productos Roche de México for the donation and manufacture of the pyridoxine supplement.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Tovar, A., Gómez, E., Bourges, H. et al. Biochemical deficiency of pyridoxine does not affect interleukin-2 production of lymphocytes from patients with Sjögren's syndrome. Eur J Clin Nutr 56, 1087–1093 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601450
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601450
Keywords
This article is cited by
-
Cytochemical Evaluation of the Toxic Effects of Combined Antituberculosis Substances on Metabolic State of Blood Lymphocytes
Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine (2020)
-
Nutrition and Dry Eye
Current Ophthalmology Reports (2013)
-
Detection and recognition thresholds to the 4 basic tastes in Mexican patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome
European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2004)