Abstract
Genes and Development IN two papers, H. Grüneberg (J. Genetics, 45, 1–22, 23–29; 1943) describes his recent work in analysing the manner in which genes causing abnormalities in the mouse exert their influence. A recessive gene ch results in the development of hydrocephalus, but the most interesting point is that the final effects of the gene are due to anomalies in the early development of cartilage. As a result of the aberration in cartilage development, there is a shortening of the basi-cranial cartilage and nasal septum. This gives rise to a dorsal bulging of the cranial hemispheres. The lower part of the brain is compressed and interferes with the normal drainage function of the foramen of Magendie; hence hydrostatic pressure is increased. The bulge thins out the osteogenic membrane and prevents the formation of the membrane bones. Strain on the blood sinuses leads to internal hæmorrhage, while skin strain gives rise to other anomalies. These various pleiotropic effects are thus shown to be secondary effects of the cartilage anomaly. Grüneberg claims that pleiotropism does not exist, but that a gene produces only one chemical reaction; and there is no reason to suppose that genes have more than one action. The gene, says Grüneberg, is cell- or tissue-specific and never organ-specific in action. He suggests five postulates for the analysis of gene action, which include biochemical and morphological methods. In the second paper Grüneberg describes two further mutants in the mouse – fidget and hydrocephalus— which present interesting features for similar developmental studies in the future.
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Research Items. Nature 153, 28–29 (1944). https://doi.org/10.1038/153028a0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/153028a0