Abstract
MANY rules have been given1 with the object of summarizing in an approximate manner the directive effect of substituents on further substitution in benzene. The values of these rules are practical, theoretical and didactic. The instructive value of many of them is often slight because of their complexity, and it is primarily in an attempt to overcome this complexity that I wish to suggest yet another. It is based upon a simple valency rule I have proposed for use in the teaching of elementary chemistry2. Like this valency rule, the new orientation rule is in accord with the simple electronic theory of valency ; in particular, it is an alternative expression of the simplicities of the somewhat complicated electronic orientation theories of C. K. Ingold3 and R. Robinson4. It can be stated as follows:
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References
Fieser, L. F., "Organic Chemistry: An Advanced Treatise", edited H. Gilman, 1, 142 (1938).
Copley, G. N., Chemistry and Industry, 61, 196 (1942).
Rec. Trav. chim., 48, 797 (1929).
J. Soc. Dyers and Colourists, 65 (1934).
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COPLEY, G. Valency and Orientation. Nature 149, 730–731 (1942). https://doi.org/10.1038/149730b0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/149730b0
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