Abstract
ORGANIC reactions, of which the speed can be affected by the presence of a polar substituent in a molecule, have been classified into two groups1, for each of which Nathan and Watson2 have suggested, from analysis of experimental data, an empirical equation to correlate the energy of activation with the dipole moment of the polar substituent. For Class A reactions, accelerated by electron access to the point of attack, they suggest E = E0 C( 2), and for Class B reactions, accelerated by electron recession from the point of attack, they suggest E = E0 + C( + 2).
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References
Ingold and Rothstein, J. Chem. Soc., 1217; 1928.
Nathan and Watson, J. Chem. Soc., 1248; 1933. NATURE, 133, 380 March 10, 1934.
Waters, J. Chem. Soc., 1551; 1933.
Ingold, NATURE, 133, 946, June 23, 1934.
Cf. Hinshelwood, J. Chem. Soc., 1360; 1933.
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WATERS, W. A General Equation for Induced Polarity. Nature 134, 178–179 (1934). https://doi.org/10.1038/134178b0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/134178b0
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