Abstract
AS an illustration of the extraordinary power of the new cooling agent—liquid hydrogen, the extreme rapidity with which high vacuo can be produced by its use is, perhaps, one of the most striking. The absolute boiling points of hydrogen, oxygen, and chlorine are respectively 35°, 90° and 240°, in other words oxygen boils at a temperature two and a half times higher than liquid hydrogen, and liquid chlorine similarly at two and a half times that of liquid oxygen. From this we infer that liquid hydrogen as a cooling agent ought to be relative to liquid air as effective as the latter is compared to that of liquid chlorine. Now chlorine at the temperature of boiling oxygen is a hard solid, some 80° below its melting point, and in this condition has an excessively feeble vapour pressure.
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High Vacua Produced by Liquid Hydrogen1. Nature 59, 280–282 (1899). https://doi.org/10.1038/059280a0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/059280a0