Abstract
IF a solid is not pierced by any perforation, its surface is called simply continuous, however complicated its shape may be. If a solid has one or more perforations, or tunnels,1 its whole bounding surface is called “complexly continuous”; duplexly when these is only one perforation; (n + 1)-plexly when there are n perforations. The whole surface of a group of n anchor-rings (or “toroids”) cemented together in any relative positions is a convenient and easily understood type of an (n + 1)-plexly continuous closed surface.
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KELVIN To Draw a Mercator Chart on One Sheet Representing the Whole of any Complexly Continuous Closed Surface. Nature 46, 541–542 (1892). https://doi.org/10.1038/046541e0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/046541e0