Volcanoes and Earthquakes

Abstract

IT is generally admitted that an earthquake is due to the passing of a sensible wave through the earth's crust. It has also been observed that the occurrence of earthquakes is generally associated with eruptions from volcanic vents, usually in the neighbourhood, but not unfrequently at considerable distances. Now it is evident—and it has struck all observers—that there must be some connection between the two classes of phenomena. The nature of this connection has been differently explained by different writers. But the purpose of this note is not to criticise existing theories, but to propose one, which I believe to be new, and to be capable of explaining why a sudden volcanic eruption must ordinarily be accompanied by earthquake shocks of greater or less violence (not necessarily always sensible), and why earthquakes may occur without any contemporaneous outburst.