Skip to main content

Thank you for visiting nature.com. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. To obtain the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in Internet Explorer). In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles and JavaScript.

  • NEWS FEATURE

After the genocide: what scientists are learning from Rwanda

Photo taken after the genocide at Ntarama church in Rwanda shows a wooden cross leant against the alter with a human skull and bone laid on top

A 1994 photograph shows the altar in Ntarama Church, where more than 5,000 people were murdered during the genocide against the Tutsi. Credit: Lane Montgomery/Getty

Access options

Rent or buy this article

Prices vary by article type

from$1.95

to$39.95

Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout

Nature 628, 250-254 (2024)

doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-024-00997-7

Additional reporting and logistical support by Aimable Twahirwa, a freelance science journalist in Kigali.

References

  1. Neugebauer, R. et al. Int. J. Epidemiol. 38, 1033–1045 (2009).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Yehuda, R. & Bierer, L. M. Progr. Brain Res. 167, 121–135 (2007).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Perroud, N. et al. World J. Biol. Psychiatry 15, 334–345 (2014).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Musanabaganwa, C. et al. Epigenomics 14, 11–25 (2022).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Musanabaganwa, C. et al. Epigenomics 14, 887–895 (2022).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. King, E. & Samii, C. Diversity, Violence, and Recognition: How Recognizing Ethnic Identity Promotes Peace (Oxford Univ. Press, 2020).

    Google Scholar 

  7. Benda, R. M. Youth Connekt Dialogue: Unwanted Legacies, Responsibility and Nation-building in Rwanda. Working Paper (Genocide Research Hub & Aegis Trust, 2017).

    Google Scholar 

  8. Benda, R. M. in Rwanda Since 1994: Stories of Change (eds Grayson, H. & Hitchcott, N.) 189–210 (Liverpool Univ. Press, 2019).

    Google Scholar 

  9. Chemouni, B. & Mugiraneza, A. Afr. Aff. 119, 115–140 (2020).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Straus, S. Making and Unmaking Nations: War, Leadership, and Genocide in Modern Africa (Cornell Univ. Press, 2015).

    Google Scholar 

  11. Ndahinda, F. M. & Mugabe, A. S. J. Genocide Res. 26, 48–72 (2024).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Duclert, V. France, Rwanda and the Tutsi — Genocide (1990–1994) — Report Submitted to the President of the Republic on 26 March, 2021 (Armand Colin, 2021).

    Google Scholar 

  13. Mukagasana, Y. La mort ne veut pas de moi (Fixot, 1997).

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Subjects

Latest on:

Nature Careers

Jobs

Nature Briefing

Sign up for the Nature Briefing newsletter — what matters in science, free to your inbox daily.

Get the most important science stories of the day, free in your inbox. Sign up for Nature Briefing

Search

Quick links